tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17183957741729084542024-03-13T22:43:17.383+00:00Michael HaagMICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comBlogger335125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-74958371078486091232019-12-17T17:53:00.001+00:002019-12-26T16:47:15.408+00:00The Making of a Virgin Birth<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijX8pRt8oqvIZsDh0sFj80TT6dgWA9LaPF_FS1jeDI-ADhAKnSqIF8f4n-pnx5iYlB4awG8seN_kXDWcLKE_guXJsb8LNwt-sc94JY2JygrXBn5u7Lg0KDzxriGYcZyDH19MDOSx8z6ghR/s1600/Encaustic_Virgin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1277" data-original-width="883" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijX8pRt8oqvIZsDh0sFj80TT6dgWA9LaPF_FS1jeDI-ADhAKnSqIF8f4n-pnx5iYlB4awG8seN_kXDWcLKE_guXJsb8LNwt-sc94JY2JygrXBn5u7Lg0KDzxriGYcZyDH19MDOSx8z6ghR/s640/Encaustic_Virgin.jpg" width="441" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary as Theotokos 6th century St Catherine's monastery, Sinai</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i>From <a href="https://profilebooks.com/the-quest-for-mary-magdalene.html" target="_blank">The Quest for Mary Magdalene</a> by Michael Haag.</i></span>
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<b style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Celsus and The True Word </span></span></b><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The earliest
known comprehensive attack against Christianity was written by the pagan philosopher
Celsus in the AD 170s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The myths put
about by the Christians, he wrote with some exasperation in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The True Word</i>, were now becoming better
known than the doctrines of philosophers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Who has not heard that Jesus was born of a virgin, that he was
crucified, and that his resurrection is an article of faith among many?’, he
wrote, adding that reason does not enter into their argument; instead
Christians will say, ‘Do not question, but believe’, and ‘Your faith will save
you’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Christians’ views are
challenged, writes Celsus, they retreat behind the remark that ‘to God everything
is possible’.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Yet for
these fables, wrote Celsus, Christians were willing to die.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though the emperor Hadrian would not tolerate
actions against Christians for their faith, only if they broke the law, there
had been some sporadic persecutions and executions of Christians under his predecessors
Nero and Domitian in the first century and under Trajan in the early second
century, and there would be more to come. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Christian Threat<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The
imperial government and many citizens were anxious about Christianity, seeing
it as a danger to social cohesion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Romans owed an allegiance to the state and to the emperor and
occasionally performed rituals which involved offering a sacrifice but
Christians refused to participate, saying it was idolatry and the worship of a
false god.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This Christian refusal seemed
all the more threatening after the Bar Kokhba revolt against Roman rule in
Judea in the 130s which was a rejection of any authority other than the Jewish
God.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But as Celsus remarked, Christians
were a threat in another way; they were so divided into rival sects, denouncing
one another, that simply the instability of their faith could prove harmful to social
harmony and the Roman state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Very
little is known about Celsus who was probably a Greek and probably an
Alexandrian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing remains of his
original writings and we know about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
True Word</i> only because Origen, an early Christian theologian and Clement’s
successor as head of Alexandria’s Catechetical School, responded to its
arguments with his own work, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Against
Celsus</i>, written in 248.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Origen so
completely quotes Celsus in his refutation that it has been possible to
reconstruct <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The True Word</i> in almost
its entirety. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The
number of Christians in the latter half of the second century was still very
small but Celsus’ attack is testimony to how seriously the danger from Christianity
was taken while Origen’s exhaustive rebuttal is testimony to how seriously
Celsus’ arguments against Christianity were taken by the Church.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Celsus
compared Christians to members of other cults, to the noisy followers of the
Phrygian sky god Sabazius; the acolytes of the bull-killing god Mithras; the
begging priests of the fertility goddess Cybele; and to travelling rogues who
called up apparitions of demons or of the triple-bodied Hecate, a goddess
associated with sorcery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover ‘Jesus
went about with his disciples, and obtained his livelihood in a disgraceful and
importunate manner’, meaning sponging off Mary Magdalene and the other
women.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As for
the Christians’ story that when Jesus was dead ‘he rose again and displayed the
marks of his punishment and showed how his hands had been pierced by nails, who
saw this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A frantic woman’, again
meaning Mary Magdalene, ‘and perhaps one other person, both deluded by sorcery’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Celsus was as much against the gnostics as he
was against other Christians; elsewhere in his text he mentions followers of
Mary Magdalene, and knowing that she was the gnostics’ visionary he attacks
them by reducing her to a delusionary female.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(The phrase ‘gyne paroistros’ in Greek is variously translated as a frantic
or fevered or hysterical woman.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Interestingly
Celsus mentions only Mary Magdalene and possibly one other person as witnesses
to the risen Jesus which suggests that the gospels in circulation in Egypt in
the mid-second century were an early form of Mark and a version of John to
which the final chapter 21 had not yet been added (the Church Father Tertullian
writing in about 200 knew nothing about it), a late addendum which serves Rome
and the purpose of apostolic succession by having Jesus appearing before the
disciples and declaring Peter his leading apostle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That Celsus does not mention Matthew or Luke
seems to confirm other literary sources and the archaeological record which show
that while versions of John and Thomas and Mark were circulating widely in
Egypt in the early second century the gospels of Matthew and Luke appear not to
have circulated until the end of the century, meaning that versions of gospels
carrying verses justifying apostolic succession were largely unknown in Egypt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also as Matthew and Luke are the only two
gospels that include stories of the nativity and describe Mary the mother of Jesus
as a virgin, their written accounts were unknown too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So when Celsus attacks the Christian belief
that Jesus was born of a virgin, and when Origen defends that belief, they
might both be arguing from oral tradition, not from infancy narratives attached
to the gospels of Matthew and Luke.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Geza
Vermes, the leading Jesus scholar, is not alone in regarding the infancy
narratives as pious fictions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
infancy narratives, he says in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jesus</i>,
are ‘late additions’ to the main accounts in Matthew and Luke. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He notes that Matthew and Luke contradict one
another (the former taking Jesus off to Egypt, for example, while the latter
has him go to Jerusalem and Nazareth) and are unsupported by history (such an
egregious event as Herod slaughtering the infants is not remarked upon by any
source other than Matthew; not even by Luke). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, as Vermes observes, the idea of a
virgin birth is in direct contradiction with Jewish-Christian tradition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is unlikely therefore to have been set
down before the Bar Kokhba Revolt, its audience Hellenised gentiles rather than
Jews. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clement of Alexandria does mention
that both gospels were read in Alexandria in the late second century but we do
not know their contents; the earliest known copies of Matthew and Luke
discovered in Egypt date only to the third century and these are so damaged and
incomplete that they tell us nothing about the infancy narratives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not until the Codex Vaticanus and the Codex
Sinaiticus, both dating to the fourth century, do we have the complete gospels
of Matthew and Luke as we know them today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Jesus a Bastard, His Mother Mary an
Adulteress<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The
reality, writes Celsus, is that Jesus was a sorcerer and his mother Mary was an
adulteress who had deceived her husband Joseph and conceived her child by a
Roman soldier called Panthera.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘He
invented his birth from a virgin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
mother was a poor woman of the country who was thrown out of her home by her
husband, a carpenter by trade, because she was convicted of adultery; and after
being driven away by her husband and wandering about for a time she
disgracefully gave birth to Jesus, an illegitmate child, who having hired himself
out as a servant in Egypt on account of his poverty, and having acquired there
some magical powers on which the Egyptians pride themselves, returned to his
own country where his sorcery won him a great following, by means of which he
proclaimed himself a god’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">There
are indeed hints in the gospels that stories were going round in the lifetimes
of Jesus and of Mary his mother saying that he was a bastard and she was an
adulteress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">‘Is
not this the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of James, and Joses, and
of Juda, and Simon? and are not his sisters here with us?’, says Mark 6:3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Judaism a son would be identified by naming
his father even if Joseph had been dead for a long while but Mark, who mentions
every other member of the family, leave Jesus’ father unknown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor does Mark mention Joseph in any other
part of his gospel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in John 8:41 during
a confrontation at the Temple the pharisees say to Jesus, ‘We be not born of
fornication’, insinuating that he was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Illegitimacy of Jesus</i>, scholar Jane Schaberg argues that
Matthew and Luke knew a tradition that Jesus was conceived by a rape rather
than by a virginal conception and did what they could to erase the truth in
their gospels, Matthew by concentrating on Joseph’s dilemma and both Matthew
and Luke by attributing the conception to the Holy Spirit. Schaberg, however,
has simply made up the rape; as a Catholic and a feminist it seems that she
prefers Mary to have been a man’s victim rather than a willing adulteress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any rate Celsus knew the story of Jesus’
illegitimacy which was in general circulation among Jews, Greeks and
others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Origen in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Against Celsus</i> replies to this charge of illegitimacy by writing, ‘Is
it at all agreeable to reason, that he who dared to do so much for the human
race ... should not have had a miraculous birth, but one the vilest and most
disgraceful of all?’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From ‘an act of
adultery between Panthera and the Virgin’, from ‘such unhallowed intercourse
there must rather have been brought forth some fool to do injury to mankind, a
teacher of licentiousness and wickedness and other evils; and not of temperance
and righteousness and the other virtues’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Celsus would not have been impressed by Origen’s circular reasoning,
that because Jesus is the saviour of mankind then of course he would not have
been the child of an adulterous relationship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But for Origen there were two kinds of faith, that of simple people
(simpliciores) who take scripture literally, and a more profound understanding
which requires allegorical interpretation of the spiritual mysteries. The
virgin birth was one such mystery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Mary the Mother of God<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Origen
understood that a vital defence against the charge that Jesus was a sorcerer
and a bastard was to insist that Mary his mother was a virgin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Origen further shored up the reputation of
Mary the mother of Jesus by being the first to call her Theotokos, literally
God-bearer in Greek, but mistranslated in the West as the Mother of God.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As no original copy has survived of Origen’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Commentary on Paul’s Epistle to the Romans</i>
written in 246 in which Socrates of Constantinople, a fourth-century Byzantine
historian, said Origen had used the term, some have questioned the authenticity
of the claim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the term was certainly
in use just a few years later, in about 250, when it was used by Dionysius, the
patriarch of Alexandria, in an epistle to Paul of Samosata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In about the same year Theotokos appeared in
a Christian hymn in Egypt, preserved in a papyrus written in Greek and known in
the West by its Latin title <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sub Tuum
Praesidium</i>, literally <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Under Your
Protection</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the oldest
Christian hymns and certainly the oldest to Mary the mother of Jesus, it is
used in the Coptic and Eastern Orthodox liturgies to this day as well as by
Catholics, Anglicans and Lutherans, and it has been rendered in Byzantine and
Gregorian chants and in Mozart’s K198 Offertorio</span><span class="watch-title"><span lang="EN-US">.
</span></span><span class="watch-title"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 46.45pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">We
fly to thy protection, O holy Mother of God; despise not our petitions in our
necessities, but deliver us always from all dangers, O glorious and blessed
Virgin.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The
hymn states the theological doctrine that Mary the mother of Jesus is a virgin
and the mother (or bearer) of the divine as chosen (blessed) by God.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Over
the next century or so the use of Theotokos, or Mother of God, became widespread
throughout the Church, East and West, and in 431 at the Council of Ephesus the
matter was enforced: Mary the mother of Jesus was declared the Mother of God
and those who disagreed were anathematised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Mary’s
elevation to Mother of God was a remarkable transition for a woman who is close
to being a nonentity in the gospels. The gospel of Mark mentions her only
twice, once by name (6:3), the second time as the mother of Jesus without
naming her (3:31). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gospel of Matthew
mentions her name five times, on four occasions in the infancy narrative (1:16,18,20;
2:11) but otherwise only once and by name (13:55).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gospel of Luke mentions Mary twelve times
by name but only within the infancy narrative (1:27,30,34,38,39,41,46,56;
2:5,16,19,34); otherwise Luke has nothing to say about Mary the mother of
Jesus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gospel of John twice mentions
Mary as the mother of Jesus, first at the marriage at Cana (2:1-12), which is
the only time anywhere in the gospels that Jesus has a conversation with his
mother, and a rather testy one at that; and on the second occasion at the foot
of the cross (19:25) in the company of Mary Magdalene, Mary the wife of
Cleophas, and the beloved disciple; but on neither occasion does he mention her
name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally in Acts Mary is mentioned
once and by name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Strip
away the infancy narratives and Mary the mother of Jesus is mentioned in the
New Testament only six times and only three times by name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Had the infancy narratives been there from
the beginning, as part of the original composition, one would expect more
mentions of Mary in the later parts of the gospels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Geza Vermes says in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jesus</i>, ‘The ultimate proof that the birth story is not a natural
introductory section of a biography is the absence of continuity between it and
the rest of the Gospel’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In
short we are left with the real possibility that the setting down of the
infancy narratives with their claims of the virgin birth were a reaction to widespread
criticisms and doubts as expressed by Celsus and others and also a response to the
eclecticism of Christianity in Egypt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
particular it was a reaction to gnosticism which spoke of the secret message that
Jesus had to bring and which valued Mary Magdalene for her vision but was not
interested in the crucifixion nor in apostolic succession nor in the virgin
birth which gnostics regarded at best as naive misunderstandings, the delusions
of this world of the demiurge from which gnostics wanted to escape.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US">But not
only was Mary a virgin, she was a perpetual virgin, which Origen also argued
early on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not that this is stated
anywhere in the New Testament; indeed it is contradicted by the gospels
themselves which mention four brothers by name, James, Joses, Judas and Simon,
and at least two sisters (Matthew 13:55-56; Mark 6:3). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover Matthew 1:25 says of Mary that Joseph
‘</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">knew
her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son’, with its implication
that after ‘till’, that is after the birth of Jesus, Joseph and Mary had
conjugal relations and that she bore six more children</span><span lang="EN-US">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
Origen explained these verses away by claiming that the children were Joseph’s
from a previous marriage. That Joseph should not have to lead a chaste life
with his virginal wife the fiction was invented that he was an old man who died
early on, though again the gospels say absolutely nothing about his age; all we
know is that Joseph does not appear after about Jesus’ twelfth year by when he
could have fathered all Jesus’ sisters and brothers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In
these arguments put forward by Origen in Egypt more than reason and even more
than faith were at work; the arguments were driven by necessity, the need to
establish conformity and authority within the Church in order to counter the
heterodox nature of Egyptian Christianity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the fourth century Mary’s virginity before,
during and after the birth of Jesus was almost universally accepted as was her
status as the God-bearer, the Mother of God.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-46450727454516165502019-11-30T20:18:00.001+00:002019-12-20T15:17:03.544+00:00Not in a Hurry<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifnepUAGR9o-P-VgL9UIqUqrQSvO9NmgbUek0Rgr7eB8VvEtiwCp8Xhp-EA-4O24BiRicXHWIm_m4v_HEenOn97o6MOJT30yQbwWziNSMCi-rhchVDHm-e92OVqT7R7l5Ss6GQgEAxTLfs/s1600/AA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1153" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifnepUAGR9o-P-VgL9UIqUqrQSvO9NmgbUek0Rgr7eB8VvEtiwCp8Xhp-EA-4O24BiRicXHWIm_m4v_HEenOn97o6MOJT30yQbwWziNSMCi-rhchVDHm-e92OVqT7R7l5Ss6GQgEAxTLfs/s400/AA.jpg" width="287" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">American Airlines advertisement<i> Esquire </i>1930s</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-87360090277384478592019-10-31T13:20:00.001+00:002019-12-17T17:56:10.146+00:00Anne FarnolAnne Farnol is a passing character in <i>Constance,</i> the central volume of Lawrence Durrell's <i>Avignon Quintet</i>. It is wartime, about 1940, in Cairo where Anne is a young officer in the Field Transport Corps. She appears in a brief vignette about four pages long (p.64ff) in which she and Blanford, a major character in the book, are drifting into an affair. One evening Blanford goes round to her flat; he says 'I would like to stay with you', and she says 'I hoped you would - I am so homesick, I sleep badly and this town makes me restless'. They make love, shuddering with pleasure, spending the whole night happily in each other's arms.<br />
<br />
The next day Blanford is told that Anne is dead. Suicide. She had found out just <i>before</i> going to bed with Blanford that her husband who was in the Royal Navy was lost at sea. <br />
<br />
'Anne Farnol!' says Blanford. 'The modest name vibrated on in my memory for whole months which succeeded her disapparance from the scene, from the war, from time.'<br />
<br />
And that is that. You hear nothing more of Anne Farnol again. The reader is left suspended and unknowing just like Blanford.<br />
<br />
I have wondered whether that story was based on anything in Durrell's life but I have drawn a blank. Just recently however I have come across the name again, the surname at least, Farnol, in Durrell's <i>The Black Book</i> written on Corfu 46 years before <i>Constance.</i> It is mentioned twice but just in a string of names; nothing identifies Farnol. Just 'a modest name' that may have meant something to Durrell at the time and which he tucked away in a drawer for future use,<br />
<br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-21003899288927606232019-09-20T14:42:00.003+01:002019-09-20T14:42:52.810+01:00Nanos Valaoritis<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCjHg_UwFYBuTEG1o52CzDw45ExDcv-4CyqDShmu3PaE8dxiwFTUMuSlCypbzZZHnngKO7FYn6YIblEsgt2ixrYeGN00TuEKPbreIZaWacPAuhsTF4f1Yg_6AJLlNlLosyHlkH6jysIoBg/s1600/nv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="237" height="359" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCjHg_UwFYBuTEG1o52CzDw45ExDcv-4CyqDShmu3PaE8dxiwFTUMuSlCypbzZZHnngKO7FYn6YIblEsgt2ixrYeGN00TuEKPbreIZaWacPAuhsTF4f1Yg_6AJLlNlLosyHlkH6jysIoBg/s400/nv.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Over the years I have done various posts concerning the outstanding and delightful Greek poet <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/search?q=valaoritis&max-results=20&by-date=true" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">Nanos Valaoritis</a> who died last Friday age 98. XAPA!MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-48821868686370204372019-08-13T21:01:00.002+01:002019-08-13T21:09:27.194+01:00Three Caravan Cities<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs71cq2HP8IXO4FAqs5cDlqlQoNe_RszH6aTmIGd7emnL74SiINoRDcOPekwY0L4i2J7rABDIPMm87HJLfm6S3UcLep3q-cCI2mVEvCWxD_60_l-LzZeWOod7AXMpmixrADM5O7C7h_8Ni/s1600/1s.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1036" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs71cq2HP8IXO4FAqs5cDlqlQoNe_RszH6aTmIGd7emnL74SiINoRDcOPekwY0L4i2J7rABDIPMm87HJLfm6S3UcLep3q-cCI2mVEvCWxD_60_l-LzZeWOod7AXMpmixrADM5O7C7h_8Ni/s640/1s.jpeg" width="414" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">My copy of the 1945 edition.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<i>Three Caravan Cities - Petra - Jerash - Baalbek - and St Catherine's Monastery Sinai</i> by Paul Gotch was published by Whitehead Morris in Alexandria in 1945. With photographs, maps and text it tells of journeys made during the war by Paul and his wife and friends. And it carries a brief introduction by Lawrence Durrell who with his girlfriend Eve Cohen shared the upper floor of the <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2013/09/lawrence-durrells-house-in-alexandria.html" target="_blank">Villa Ambron</a> in Alexandria with Paul and others working for the British Council.</div>
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Now Paul's son Adam Gotch has reproduced the original in an enlarged format and has added further photographs taken by Paul at the time. And other curiosities such as the letter reproduced here from the head of the British Council to Paul for going where it was thought he should not have gone.</div>
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For more information you can contact adamgotch@mac.com</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtWaAcb5xVy8SaYKC0u4TkX3hJxlUebdZJPeI5Us3v9WzRQpqTZzAyTy-g-S7e7bB-R9_1H_JZ15wx_cmIZCuZs9rwCYxU3pK8_v983X9jD6zx9gWezixAlm7l2TvsBns8sSPYhXvMSOwk/s1600/1b.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1122" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtWaAcb5xVy8SaYKC0u4TkX3hJxlUebdZJPeI5Us3v9WzRQpqTZzAyTy-g-S7e7bB-R9_1H_JZ15wx_cmIZCuZs9rwCYxU3pK8_v983X9jD6zx9gWezixAlm7l2TvsBns8sSPYhXvMSOwk/s400/1b.jpeg" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adam's 2019 edition.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcocxcbXXgyFDIQbTNixvLR18kInNQP-VoAKNTq5Y4fU_Kg0JZWXMia7VSjrMO2FZffxhrt2DXi6z9HK-xZfLg0OlpERuWOw1JiTMGW8FZZkMo4Rb82kI8mJJXQpIAmkI6zM77C7JAnPp5/s1600/2b+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1122" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcocxcbXXgyFDIQbTNixvLR18kInNQP-VoAKNTq5Y4fU_Kg0JZWXMia7VSjrMO2FZffxhrt2DXi6z9HK-xZfLg0OlpERuWOw1JiTMGW8FZZkMo4Rb82kI8mJJXQpIAmkI6zM77C7JAnPp5/s400/2b+1.jpeg" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Paul and Billy Gotch.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ruZXgtgKM29aeCDxbxRC7WrnDLtwBhFmdzgUt8DGZ4eMeLfpGBAFHEml12nJWsNMzc-__42-y7Vg-3MNeVjv7W0w1jj9f6BSxuXfTCJNNEeEzwITvmf9imHHfmI67kCkmgck3flSj0os/s1600/3b.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="1600" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ruZXgtgKM29aeCDxbxRC7WrnDLtwBhFmdzgUt8DGZ4eMeLfpGBAFHEml12nJWsNMzc-__42-y7Vg-3MNeVjv7W0w1jj9f6BSxuXfTCJNNEeEzwITvmf9imHHfmI67kCkmgck3flSj0os/s400/3b.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXF2n1VIlCyetm7RD8sHicztoC3ZbdTK3yk4-ZLWWAmy5cFScFoj2tdirA0OAkM2VGuLpA4GtjLZu0agZI3hcG6rM0VJzf1N0ApOxcyFJi0m7x9ojx9dqyim-CW_KS2WKsH8VVyJ2Jrk-w/s1600/4b+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1392" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXF2n1VIlCyetm7RD8sHicztoC3ZbdTK3yk4-ZLWWAmy5cFScFoj2tdirA0OAkM2VGuLpA4GtjLZu0agZI3hcG6rM0VJzf1N0ApOxcyFJi0m7x9ojx9dqyim-CW_KS2WKsH8VVyJ2Jrk-w/s400/4b+1.jpeg" width="346" /></a></div>
MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-18079718988244038092019-07-09T12:36:00.000+01:002019-07-09T12:36:03.204+01:00Alexandria in Greek Memory<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxBM3ZOs8MvtqcELtOiPuH5B2gvr6oggeFBGtgLoWZJmCXf6pEU-ZKyoEbZWDjesaXINzNcK0uY7-nLy8sUjpeAgYrs8yYf2QSoAnXy847DUzher4EAQisiMV75K0sAQmdvi8Xh8MMzpy8/s1600/polis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="725" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxBM3ZOs8MvtqcELtOiPuH5B2gvr6oggeFBGtgLoWZJmCXf6pEU-ZKyoEbZWDjesaXINzNcK0uY7-nLy8sUjpeAgYrs8yYf2QSoAnXy847DUzher4EAQisiMV75K0sAQmdvi8Xh8MMzpy8/s400/polis.jpg" width="305" /></a></div>
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Patakis in Athens have just published <a href="http://www.patakis.gr/viewshopproduct.aspx?id=751247" target="_blank"><i>Alexandria: City of Memory</i></a> in a fresh translation.MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-52529707764063367252019-06-19T19:34:00.000+01:002019-06-27T17:06:52.407+01:00Remembering Alexandria<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOxzpwap6iSohEMaxuwN96PKo4maA_E8vvUlID8vfj_0zzwDPxqhrggXUJM5DLEqZaZrT1R2_iuVniwrXeRbFv2DmcUTf4b6uF9XhsrnLkUOy1mxDoN1Pf35HgaN1H9PbeS814TO-Q73If/s1600/AW.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="285" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOxzpwap6iSohEMaxuwN96PKo4maA_E8vvUlID8vfj_0zzwDPxqhrggXUJM5DLEqZaZrT1R2_iuVniwrXeRbFv2DmcUTf4b6uF9XhsrnLkUOy1mxDoN1Pf35HgaN1H9PbeS814TO-Q73If/s400/AW.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maria and Rafaella</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Seven years ago I did a blog post on Alexandrian women. Now out of the blue I have received an email from the daughter, Sylvia Mikkelsen, of one of the women pictured in that <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2012/04/alexandrian-women.html" target="_blank">post</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />With Sylvia's permission I post her email here.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />What a surprise to see my beautiful, young
mother staring right back at me from your blog under the caption ‘Alexandrian
Women.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She is the one in white. I had
been trying to read up on the Aleksandrinke and there you were, both of you! I
knew you, of course, through your wonderful Alexandria: City of Memory, a book
I had bought years back when Louisa, my grandchild, was born. I knew that the
day would come when she would be asking questions about whether I was Egyptian,
being born in Alexandria, or why in the world would her great grandmother come
from Slovenia (of all places), and her great grandfather from the Levant –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and where was that, anyway?? Oh, we still say
the Levant because if we say Lebanese, there are other<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>connotations today – and why do you speak
English and French? – well, my father decided I should have an English
education and my sister a French one, and Christian Lebanese people speak
mostly French, etc. etc. There would be a lot of oral tales about my
background, naturally. Yet, your book would give her all the necessary cultural
and historical background as well as your great insight into the strange and
mysterious world that was our Alexandria, a place that only exists in the
memory of people who lived there. Not to mention the enriching literary parts
concerning Durrell and Forster! She is today sixteen, and is the spitting image
of my mother, Rafaella. She looks very often in your book, where I point out on
the map the different tram stations on this narrow strip of land where we<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lived so well,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between the marshes and the Mediterranean.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A propos the photo, Rafaella is together
with her sister, Maria (in the dark dress). It is a strange photo, or part of a
photo where there were two other Slovene girls together with them, if I remember
correctly. It reflects the two extremes in the lot that awaited most of these
girls in their fatidic journey to Alexandria.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Maria arrived a few years before her younger sister to earn some money
to send back to Gradisce – a village at the foot of the Carso hills, a few
kilometers from Gorizia – where she had left a husband, two children, only to
come back home years later, after the war, to be abused and insulted by her
husband who called her the Alexandrian whore. My mother, on the other hand, found
her husband almost immediately.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">She was
barely eighteen and worked as a governess for the Ada’s only child, a girl who
adored my mother for years and years to come (we, her daughters, were quite
jealous of this relationship!). The Ada were a wealthy Jewish family who
treated Rafaella as a daughter. Their neighbour, a</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Lebanese young man of a bit less than twice
her age, observed her from his balcony and fell madly in love with her. He was
to be our father. They had a happy marriage and my father and mother are
buried</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">in the beautiful cemetery in my
mother’s village. With Nasser, they left Alexandria, first to Lebanon, later to
Switzerland, and finally to Slovenia where they spent their summers, and shared
their winters between Denmark, at my place, and Geneva, my sister’s. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Et voilà,
the story behind the girls, one in dark and the other in white.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I am sorry for this long-winded mail but
that is how Alexandrians are, n’est-ce pas?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Oh, I have almost forgotten. I have a story
to tell but do you think it would be worthwhile? Rafaella’s first cousin, Elda,
was a governess – not to a child – but to none other than Lee Miller who was
for a short period of time Aziz Eloui Bey’s second wife. After Lee deserted
Eloui (there are several versions of who left whom), Elda - who was also my
godmother - married Aziz Eloui, like a true Jane Eyre. We were very close as a
family and we had great times, especially at Gharbaniat where Uncle Aziz had
one of these fortress-like mansions in the desert. Anyway, practically on her
deathbed, years later while she was living in a lovely pink villa close to
Trieste, she finally opened up and talked about the long-lasting effects of
having interacted with a beauty and personality as wild as</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Lee Miller’s.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">If I ever venture to write in the genre of a personal essay, perhaps, or
anything you would advise me to do, would you kindly read it?</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It would be the story of</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">the paradoxical effects Lee Miller had upon the
governess,</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">a prudish, Catholic, Slovene
country-girl, emotions that fluctuated between sheer horror and unconditional
adoration. The Alexandrian Governess would be a cross between Jane Eyre, and
Daphne du Maurier’s Mrs Danvers. Actually, it seems that du Maurier’s
inspiration for Rebecca arose from her years spent in Alexandria (which she
intensely disliked) while her husband was stationed there as a marine officer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">I do not know why we, Alexandrians, always
have the dream to write, but we do. Probably because we lived in a time warp,
and we still cannot come to terms with it.</span><br />
<!--EndFragment--><br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-83223898706732247552019-05-13T22:03:00.000+01:002019-05-13T22:03:01.695+01:00What the Durrells Did Next<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEc4UftXpNbN2S5r1A7k-xbym2_9UbtEsqOec0DWvOPGPresRavQDicOgqSLdkV6cQY55_qV267DdSlrsQOZQj73RLruHfhyphenhyphenQBxSiTFVoUVE93pc1muAKcUCD2OK2I9t9gSXkAhxIH5vtm/s1600/next.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="601" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEc4UftXpNbN2S5r1A7k-xbym2_9UbtEsqOec0DWvOPGPresRavQDicOgqSLdkV6cQY55_qV267DdSlrsQOZQj73RLruHfhyphenhyphenQBxSiTFVoUVE93pc1muAKcUCD2OK2I9t9gSXkAhxIH5vtm/s400/next.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
You can also find out what the Durrells did next by <a href="https://profilebooks.com/the-durrells-of-corfu.html" target="_blank">reading this book</a>.MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-21757314170033948092019-05-11T00:00:00.000+01:002019-05-11T00:00:03.878+01:00End of the Durrells' Corfu Idyll<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizHulGzwlyLtyjyPuvNSJSr69_moaydFV5mF5n7kYIWexDnbMgIfOnlgRwaRhISTKNvaD6FS47VEIUChojzIhY61c3Q-H76aU1nL-U2GT2C8ptlvZTnmcAUjm8ueRgtOhlAOfQDg-oagjH/s1600/town.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="796" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizHulGzwlyLtyjyPuvNSJSr69_moaydFV5mF5n7kYIWexDnbMgIfOnlgRwaRhISTKNvaD6FS47VEIUChojzIhY61c3Q-H76aU1nL-U2GT2C8ptlvZTnmcAUjm8ueRgtOhlAOfQDg-oagjH/s400/town.jpg" width="393" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Corfu town bombed by the Italians in 1941.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Mirror has <a href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/how-durrells-narrowly-escaped-nazi-15026927" target="_blank">run a story</a> on the terrible end of the Durrells' Corfu idyll when the island was devastated by war and some of the family fled for their lives.MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-26572276031288568272019-05-04T20:32:00.000+01:002019-05-06T14:58:29.285+01:00Fascists in Corfu<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheE59IWiloDPDdvw6jmOw83EoG5AiIB_NDNl88A6_Cv8r4dHGJvRlQRmkAiGkBWiWbZEunuNEsXIhnrGwqjB1IJlsZcHxennjBTmYA7sto9sKM9kAWhEbw5Qx8XR-4O9AlInkqHWy8jQvt/s1600/Fascists+Corfu+1933.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="508" data-original-width="711" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheE59IWiloDPDdvw6jmOw83EoG5AiIB_NDNl88A6_Cv8r4dHGJvRlQRmkAiGkBWiWbZEunuNEsXIhnrGwqjB1IJlsZcHxennjBTmYA7sto9sKM9kAWhEbw5Qx8XR-4O9AlInkqHWy8jQvt/s400/Fascists+Corfu+1933.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Corfu fascist parade 1933.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Durrells went to Corfu in 1935, where they seemed able to ignore the darkening political situation in Europe. But judging from this <a href="https://www.corfuhistory.eu/?p=5833">photograph</a> there was already a fascist movement in Corfu two years before the Durrell family arrived.<br />
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What I do not know is to what extent this was an indigenous Greek movement or a purely Italian-Corfiot one. Corfu was long ruled by Venice and Italian influence remained strong. Italian was the lingua franca of Corfu well into the nineteenth century and the island had an Italian community right up to the Second World War. Mussolini used this historical connection to twice justify his occupation of Corfu, once briefly in 1923, again in 1941.<br />
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Certainly Corfiots courageously protested against the second occupation, a rare thing in Europe at the time, and the island provided the beginnings of the Greek resistance against the 1941-1945 Italian and German occupations of Greece.MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-35577883206745280452019-04-27T18:03:00.002+01:002019-04-27T18:03:44.146+01:00The Templars in Turkish<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh517zF4HQS-eY5KhSwNJg5yDJJ0YqkKzeyqbAkYGCwyzjARvLQujFXF9BY_o1-GqKe7-157iYXWwxvGi1d2afTh9QhMCXYW9lTHFRNaa0_fgTGkrJHBPxTSSYuww1k5NnOvQ9VQhFqhhmx/s1600/9781846681530_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="486" data-original-width="363" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh517zF4HQS-eY5KhSwNJg5yDJJ0YqkKzeyqbAkYGCwyzjARvLQujFXF9BY_o1-GqKe7-157iYXWwxvGi1d2afTh9QhMCXYW9lTHFRNaa0_fgTGkrJHBPxTSSYuww1k5NnOvQ9VQhFqhhmx/s400/9781846681530_4.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
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<i>The Templars: History and Myth </i>will be published in Turkey by <a href="http://www.kronikkitap.com/">Kronik</a><br />
of Istanbul.<br />
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This will be the <a href="https://profilebooks.com/templars.html">seventh language</a> for this book.MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-14296171446970875372019-03-17T22:47:00.000+00:002019-03-18T14:13:27.753+00:00The Durrells in Greek<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR2Tty3bA9MytqHvYbmj0ntA3URA6iVADbkWLq2Hnj_ZDyXNNUPEnEwUZHsRz4fAVHZfy6UhrXFunx0B8zewuDQ199Hdljhgrvj0xTJIpuJUXnUtRq3UsW5R2mpk8ggjn81Qgfb6NVIDtj/s1600/durgrk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="945" data-original-width="631" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR2Tty3bA9MytqHvYbmj0ntA3URA6iVADbkWLq2Hnj_ZDyXNNUPEnEwUZHsRz4fAVHZfy6UhrXFunx0B8zewuDQ199Hdljhgrvj0xTJIpuJUXnUtRq3UsW5R2mpk8ggjn81Qgfb6NVIDtj/s400/durgrk.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The family photograph at the top was Gerry's favourite.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The Durrells of Corfu has been translated into Greek and published by <a href="http://www.patakis.gr/">Patakis</a> in Athens. The cover shows the Durrells' villa at Sotiriotissa and the family on the terrace: Margo, Nancy, Larry, Gerry and Louisa. Leslie took the photograph.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">At the end of the summer of 1935 the Durrells moved from the Strawberry-Pink Villa at Perama to the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> Villa Anemoyanni.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was Gerry’s Daffodil-Yellow Villa near Kontokali, at Sotiriotissa, about five miles along the coast road north of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corfu town.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Standing on the side of a hill rising out of the sea, the Daffodil-Yellow Villa was an enormous and neglected Venetian mansion four storeys high, set amidst extensive grounds, overgrown and almost wild, with unkept orange and lemon orchards and olive groves, and with melancholy cypresses and stout arbutus heavy with ripening berries.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Facing the sea was a stone-paved terrace shaded with a trellis of vines and evergreens from where terraced gardens and a Venetian stairway descended to a wooden jetty projecting from the shore.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A couple of small islands shimmered in the channel and in the distance loomed the hills of mainland Greece and Albania.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">To the left was Gouvia Bay, a smooth sheet of water used as a landing place for seaplanes, and beyond that the high hills shouldering Pantocrator, the highest mountain on the island.</span></div>
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MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-57433565498217991452019-03-15T15:29:00.000+00:002019-03-17T17:27:20.873+00:00Clea Badaro in Australia<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrIdaz2r2dMPctefDFZWqC4jlTv99rQphMMGu03tx4oLmTUHa-MZIea52TepBLwDSZN6YFHYStTw3jwZ9flliUwk7d5lvKrZ9RyMsw5Tac6A43JqBUGZEHOTxeFH4GhJ4zL0mNELaXA-HO/s1600/cboz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1233" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrIdaz2r2dMPctefDFZWqC4jlTv99rQphMMGu03tx4oLmTUHa-MZIea52TepBLwDSZN6YFHYStTw3jwZ9flliUwk7d5lvKrZ9RyMsw5Tac6A43JqBUGZEHOTxeFH4GhJ4zL0mNELaXA-HO/s400/cboz.jpg" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Durrell named the fourth volume of his Alexandria Quartet after Clea Badaro.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Recently Simon Parow of Melbourne got in touch, showing me this charcoal on paper drawing by Clea Badaro he picked up at a Sunday market about ten years ago. The seller told him it was by an Egyptian artist and that is all Simon ever knew. 'I bought it because I liked it.' </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Searching online he found <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2016/07/clea-badaro-resurfaces-in-united-arab.html"> this post of mine</a> which told him something more. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I have also told Simon about <i>Clea Badaro, 1913-1968: sa vie, son oeuvre</i>, by her sister Jeanne Engalytcheff-Badaro.</span><br />
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<span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And I cover her in my book <i>Alexandria: City of Memory</i>, her studio at the Ambron villa, her connection with the Atelier, her acquaintance with Durrell, and comments from my interviews with some people who knew her. </span></span>MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-33093883022598808952019-02-19T19:46:00.000+00:002019-02-19T19:46:23.691+00:00Mountolive at Lisbon Airport<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcdTzhs52P3KocuWHAGcOrt09dLpJpVtV4p7QYCxyAaNeTFKJsbiXHq5OC1XS2Q92_v2MauWmrIBb6iVydczfQatrh2fTGXpnURk3MzzU21bSToyqhXBxzNbDaYnjEBeT0j71JFaNtCIRP/s1600/mo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcdTzhs52P3KocuWHAGcOrt09dLpJpVtV4p7QYCxyAaNeTFKJsbiXHq5OC1XS2Q92_v2MauWmrIBb6iVydczfQatrh2fTGXpnURk3MzzU21bSToyqhXBxzNbDaYnjEBeT0j71JFaNtCIRP/s400/mo.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Still flying high: Mountolive, the third volume of The Alexandria Quartet, <br />for sale on a Lisbon airport book rack.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-36743209391622470822019-02-02T20:17:00.001+00:002019-02-06T15:47:19.267+00:00Early February London Snow<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The recent fall of snow in London was photographed by a friend, not the usual view from the streets but over the city's hidden gardens.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtZ9S03QHR8qZYsvg_WRTOKIUQPyhDoRqzkOe0f1P0LAwRvlafwSKyWgMAL3UhGbvFAsv1fOZ7rXgtW6_riMoclYdR3uwJqDFZ4gX8eJq4gD-B7Yn7IpiF3sTVNDgsRWbnvG-93VQITZT9/s1600/IMG_4587.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtZ9S03QHR8qZYsvg_WRTOKIUQPyhDoRqzkOe0f1P0LAwRvlafwSKyWgMAL3UhGbvFAsv1fOZ7rXgtW6_riMoclYdR3uwJqDFZ4gX8eJq4gD-B7Yn7IpiF3sTVNDgsRWbnvG-93VQITZT9/s400/IMG_4587.jpg" width="300" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0IM5sGs7aF3lhr6NO-mmq-8BAvGZ7bJkFOUbyB8B2Kh9OVvNy2f8_TFYkZBpw4zoph790YW2Jxkw7-1w-_gt8heYHOt5DaAXK57U_0eXjDhKXiwrfsN-gM4GQYv3fQhlOOhCC7kni_mxG/s1600/IMG_4586.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0IM5sGs7aF3lhr6NO-mmq-8BAvGZ7bJkFOUbyB8B2Kh9OVvNy2f8_TFYkZBpw4zoph790YW2Jxkw7-1w-_gt8heYHOt5DaAXK57U_0eXjDhKXiwrfsN-gM4GQYv3fQhlOOhCC7kni_mxG/s400/IMG_4586.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ehPh6svmu5Wo-WNUu5vQcB-LyFssTxrZSJhM7jTUfmtBoNALxSRzz6SE8WiP3-xrDp-W9eNRqs1ELqgRK8jI81eLXc0pqQr17HqkNomZN5D0-7FcCfziz62LyS9X3zTVkioSTBjZO_sN/s1600/IMG_4585.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ehPh6svmu5Wo-WNUu5vQcB-LyFssTxrZSJhM7jTUfmtBoNALxSRzz6SE8WiP3-xrDp-W9eNRqs1ELqgRK8jI81eLXc0pqQr17HqkNomZN5D0-7FcCfziz62LyS9X3zTVkioSTBjZO_sN/s400/IMG_4585.jpg" width="300" /></a><br />
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<br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-31374293283438081612019-01-10T21:37:00.001+00:002019-01-13T00:53:45.266+00:00Postcards of the 1908 Franco-British Exhibition<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3KGkQ9q3De35X6Uy7P6YPmS5DIGv3HhFrH2facO1_20kXifeEw4PtRnhs9offzGFXT7fBDXIcFK2ScE1-7PTlXLEJ8jRhGE5h7No4HXioctMPu20-PwAbM5Tsk4j51WpjOiAIr-UWsNf5/s1600/5wc+4.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1599" data-original-width="1001" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3KGkQ9q3De35X6Uy7P6YPmS5DIGv3HhFrH2facO1_20kXifeEw4PtRnhs9offzGFXT7fBDXIcFK2ScE1-7PTlXLEJ8jRhGE5h7No4HXioctMPu20-PwAbM5Tsk4j51WpjOiAIr-UWsNf5/s320/5wc+4.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
In a previous post about the origins of the London area called<a href="http://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2018/12/white-city.html"> White City</a> I mentioned some postcards I had come across of the 1908 Franco-British Exhibition. Here they are.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXMCOyLROM5ABptoSwrrQIuDtgV0DuWqvIHV7NRNHSiuvH5KZF_QR6HLlzuwhR0EvunArRKvSMCUoEAmMNNUB7bADMZw5Ao1BNWPqJTkMmVV8tpCcrErtcZXrjyq5Q4pA2sqoQS0nvyhzm/s1600/1wc.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1019" data-original-width="1596" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXMCOyLROM5ABptoSwrrQIuDtgV0DuWqvIHV7NRNHSiuvH5KZF_QR6HLlzuwhR0EvunArRKvSMCUoEAmMNNUB7bADMZw5Ao1BNWPqJTkMmVV8tpCcrErtcZXrjyq5Q4pA2sqoQS0nvyhzm/s400/1wc.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBukX8dPRmFX2pFxmlB8Gkob1ngU0oMwKN6kD-0jsjCXS__mHsYW3z4Xmj9XELi4XKQ7OUlOe39BrsgRgmTLXCjq-bZleMJt9YqR3hoBnf63XzsqXsu7JJ0qY45L_6iLf0-dH-NFPXgAlJ/s1600/2wc.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1596" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBukX8dPRmFX2pFxmlB8Gkob1ngU0oMwKN6kD-0jsjCXS__mHsYW3z4Xmj9XELi4XKQ7OUlOe39BrsgRgmTLXCjq-bZleMJt9YqR3hoBnf63XzsqXsu7JJ0qY45L_6iLf0-dH-NFPXgAlJ/s400/2wc.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-U-7VetEBJwjDXUr4o2dR-iAjzzQjiznSeLRJbQ_5Iuf3DWcC9rf6Vjc-Fg3SsSxZJi4sHtqCpmTtQ3r0WZEec5AKV6PSPIMcjvdpp26da8mHkgc9TgtTTm3Rn1Vic7VxQRuXCEnLLaKk/s1600/3wc.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1029" data-original-width="1596" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-U-7VetEBJwjDXUr4o2dR-iAjzzQjiznSeLRJbQ_5Iuf3DWcC9rf6Vjc-Fg3SsSxZJi4sHtqCpmTtQ3r0WZEec5AKV6PSPIMcjvdpp26da8mHkgc9TgtTTm3Rn1Vic7VxQRuXCEnLLaKk/s400/3wc.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZGxuTMOUvO9hxa5R4TxRkwj3n_J-XY0Q9HCiiVwDbuYhh2WtBuclPUTIBzAKcBKYKnKK5lHf-9NzCriPckMjJ1hzlRP0EpMeeVZMbONP4UY7YzbrVkfGLTGx39RlTafwQa3kTs_g4QYC/s1600/4wc.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1011" data-original-width="1578" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZGxuTMOUvO9hxa5R4TxRkwj3n_J-XY0Q9HCiiVwDbuYhh2WtBuclPUTIBzAKcBKYKnKK5lHf-9NzCriPckMjJ1hzlRP0EpMeeVZMbONP4UY7YzbrVkfGLTGx39RlTafwQa3kTs_g4QYC/s400/4wc.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-24487837859812289862018-12-31T22:38:00.001+00:002019-01-13T00:59:35.136+00:00White City<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1nm4gsU3Sr0sXSUol61iVHhCLjmmPTRGceBzhv2jHYk_-cLl83_l-Asi82iEpDux50va7bKx4MAx5ttJgukBFW52khd-8I2I4YDk3OujUeM9mJE2iU__Brtq0S0yScOoVy3CYlcfROddt/s1600/Vesuvius.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="679" data-original-width="1067" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1nm4gsU3Sr0sXSUol61iVHhCLjmmPTRGceBzhv2jHYk_-cLl83_l-Asi82iEpDux50va7bKx4MAx5ttJgukBFW52khd-8I2I4YDk3OujUeM9mJE2iU__Brtq0S0yScOoVy3CYlcfROddt/s400/Vesuvius.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vesuvius</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US">Several times in <i>The Alexandria Quartet
</i>Lawrence Durrell describes Alexandria as the ‘white city’ as in this excerpt
from the third volume <i>Mountolive</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">A sea-wind chaffered and tugged at the
sea-limits of the estuary. </span><span lang="EN-US">Higher still roamed packages of smoking,
blood-stained cloud </span><span lang="EN-US">throwing down a strange radiance into the
streets and squares of </span><span lang="EN-US">the white city. Rain was a rare and brief
winter phenomenon in </span><span lang="EN-US">Alexandria.</span></i></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Ibrahim Abdel Meguid does the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>same in his novel <i>No One Sleeps in
Alexandria</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span lang="EN-US"><i>In the evening he told Magd al-Din about
the city where he had spent all that time, white Alexandria, where foreigners from
all over the world and poor Egyptians from all over the land went.</i></span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Alexandria’s whiteness is in contrast to the
dustiness of Cairo, a city blown by desert winds, shrouded in sand,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>whereas Alexandria glistens with salt
crystals from the evening breezes off the sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Which made me think of other cities called
white.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tel Aviv for example and Nicosia
which in Greek is called Lefkosia, literally the White Place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">But what about that part of my own city
that I never think about at all nor do I ever go there?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That rundown area shoved up against Shepherd’s
Bush and amputated from Holland Park and the heart of London by a
motorway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How did White City get its
name?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Only recently, seeing a set of striking <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2019/01/postcards-of-1908-franco-british.html">postcard
scenes</a> of the 1908 Franco-British Exhibition celebrating the new alliance
between the countries did I understand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiumo4u3cRbqow6QneOKiFdcqfq-F3eOEiWhEZzj2BdE0KxZH0KYHIHSwWfzBWo4TBrARfJAZCmJuHxs5HdSw9qR8pqqJed99Q47e4W-fcO7lFjP85LAqbByzxhDNd66Pj0FTYgb9m8okv_/s1600/Franco+British+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="677" data-original-width="1082" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiumo4u3cRbqow6QneOKiFdcqfq-F3eOEiWhEZzj2BdE0KxZH0KYHIHSwWfzBWo4TBrARfJAZCmJuHxs5HdSw9qR8pqqJed99Q47e4W-fcO7lFjP85LAqbByzxhDNd66Pj0FTYgb9m8okv_/s400/Franco+British+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 1908 Franco-British Exhibition.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The exhibition is indeed a fabulous white
city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the name was further popularised
when the Olympic Games were held next door in the same year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1908 Olympics were meant to be held in
Rome but the explosion of Vesuvius caused the Italians to direct their attention
to the devastation round the Bay of Naples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Runner-up London quickly stepped in, a running track was built, and the
Olympics and the Franco-British Exhibition ran side by side at what was now indelibly
called White City.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1wSz73-iU93c32NrH6qZU-LOIUD5pSg4RuSVF2oyURcw4kSNXiEzLB_-o-e2jwtFC40OYtpylqAo8T4cx620ACUvafu88aujW_RBI_9IkagfUyOHv4wZHyEsIbsAbg-PCX52qP6K67ak/s1600/Dorando_Pietri_1908.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="756" data-original-width="880" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv1wSz73-iU93c32NrH6qZU-LOIUD5pSg4RuSVF2oyURcw4kSNXiEzLB_-o-e2jwtFC40OYtpylqAo8T4cx620ACUvafu88aujW_RBI_9IkagfUyOHv4wZHyEsIbsAbg-PCX52qP6K67ak/s400/Dorando_Pietri_1908.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1908 White City Marathon.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The exhibition was torn down and the
Olympic track given over to dog racing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then the motorway finished it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But not quite because the BBC built a hideous television studio there which
I gather is now protected as a national treasure, and a vast shopping centre
has been erected there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I gather it is
even quite trend<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">y to live in White City these days.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWP9p2B3CbKVN95UgnKfyeywjoYS78_DQx69ysJityPa7sv3n3tHoLwG0IeBcNEp064eD5yfYwIBhTeYSJe-Ls2s0WIFGlquVyAOUhTRZgMc8It4hboiNcx86Ff715uL0iz8saq4H-_wcb/s1600/BBC_Television_Centre.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWP9p2B3CbKVN95UgnKfyeywjoYS78_DQx69ysJityPa7sv3n3tHoLwG0IeBcNEp064eD5yfYwIBhTeYSJe-Ls2s0WIFGlquVyAOUhTRZgMc8It4hboiNcx86Ff715uL0iz8saq4H-_wcb/s400/BBC_Television_Centre.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">BBC Television Studios.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Maybe I should jump on the 31 bus and take
a look.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiugTrucEu2_aHO1Tr_RboeLTIJxtXrBblqEmUht3OavOsbHeyFbobSqPR6TEWqcS-AV0PEgHTkdjYCE2m5GtN5KtHdq6HvHN9ByXqegjfwr2P1rgIa2-qDMsb-ZqjUIEgBVQVtGW_cldu0/s1600/31+at+Abbey+road+stop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiugTrucEu2_aHO1Tr_RboeLTIJxtXrBblqEmUht3OavOsbHeyFbobSqPR6TEWqcS-AV0PEgHTkdjYCE2m5GtN5KtHdq6HvHN9ByXqegjfwr2P1rgIa2-qDMsb-ZqjUIEgBVQVtGW_cldu0/s320/31+at+Abbey+road+stop.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-87905951741028110582018-12-24T23:09:00.000+00:002018-12-24T23:09:48.206+00:00Animals Speak on Christmas Eve<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ht7XHpEhMA-JpPHGuuDk9F593pffCJecdvlaiB1xYAWIMFOl2MghUvSvOe7QdAVLsnWNyPHFpgqMAqtNNtWNPdPdkWg1l8nNi-ZD5slHP6tvOPZrxkRaYhVx83ePLAqKLzio1gIU37SH/s1600/bl2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN1wrN0uCtyzoTOyGpenKOZof3cfGinazLsqkn6SshuvSkVXLT_rtRoX6VACaQ65MiMzGWRVkAUvVeo4tTAYs5jFEdpohyphenhyphenDDo2geaqdZ1Rc74VXHsDyaw-4hPgPqca_HsNdnREH-WLKznC/s1600/bl1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN1wrN0uCtyzoTOyGpenKOZof3cfGinazLsqkn6SshuvSkVXLT_rtRoX6VACaQ65MiMzGWRVkAUvVeo4tTAYs5jFEdpohyphenhyphenDDo2geaqdZ1Rc74VXHsDyaw-4hPgPqca_HsNdnREH-WLKznC/s400/bl1.jpg" width="400" /></a><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ht7XHpEhMA-JpPHGuuDk9F593pffCJecdvlaiB1xYAWIMFOl2MghUvSvOe7QdAVLsnWNyPHFpgqMAqtNNtWNPdPdkWg1l8nNi-ZD5slHP6tvOPZrxkRaYhVx83ePLAqKLzio1gIU37SH/s400/bl2.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-51161499101117776282018-12-15T18:13:00.001+00:002018-12-16T19:48:00.225+00:00The Durrells in Poland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">My book <a href="https://profilebooks.com/michael-haag.html">The Durrells of Corfu</a> has now been translated into Polish as <i>Durrellowie z Korfu</i> and published in Warsaw by <a href="https://www.noir.pl/ksiazka/751/Michael-Haag-Durrellowie-z-Korfu">Noir sur Blanc</a>.</span></div>
MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-18845776434918490672018-11-16T22:43:00.001+00:002018-11-18T20:25:10.703+00:00The Durrells in Estonia<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrmjwCbt0zsbZ32OF3bsr6NeN4pNxNAy1weUTSEwcpfaY072Sj0KedoMByZIApSqwccQ99_wNwyY7litddyh4lBpmaHktN5A9sPprxYjpdIRYzCyflRu6wy9f_9Zivv76Y6HxPW5V5xj-M/s1600/durrellid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1062" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrmjwCbt0zsbZ32OF3bsr6NeN4pNxNAy1weUTSEwcpfaY072Sj0KedoMByZIApSqwccQ99_wNwyY7litddyh4lBpmaHktN5A9sPprxYjpdIRYzCyflRu6wy9f_9Zivv76Y6HxPW5V5xj-M/s400/durrellid.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Durrellid Korful</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The <a href="http://www.eestiraamat.ee/michael-haag/durrellid-korful">Durrells of Corfu</a> has now been published as <i>Durrellid Korful</i> in Estonia by <a href="http://www.eestiraamat.ee/">Eesti Raamat</a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Can Latvia and Lithuania be far behind?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">See also the <a href="https://profilebooks.com/the-durrells-of-corfu.html">original</a> English-language edition.</span>MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-1320071977184780452018-11-13T21:17:00.000+00:002018-11-13T21:17:45.198+00:00The Hotel Cecil in London and Alexandria<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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About London's Cecil from today's <i>Telegraph</i>:<o:p></o:p></div>
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contemporary descriptions can be found in Nathaniel Newnham-Davis’s 1914 book,
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'He explains how the
bustling courtyard at the Hotel Cecil’s entrance, known as “The Beach”, was a
popular hangout for American guests who preferred it to the gilded parlours
within. “The most American spot in London” was filled with cane chairs, piles
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See <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/hotel-cecil-london/">here</a>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">And see <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2014/05/alexandrias-hotel-cecil.html">here</a>
for the Cecil in Alexandria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</style>MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-56192063956608661842018-10-30T20:19:00.001+00:002018-10-31T17:07:05.764+00:00Alexia Stephanides Mercouri Who Shared the Magic of Corfu with the Durrells<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjLjJ2CndzhVaqT5jgPEGLK8E-KQ5SLaOVQquxL_f8CzrZZw0i0_44yHi4K__Tf0tSynuSh_SxU8xtTc_XmnqYz1FrS999klaKGSd56DvrQHuegAILWR812aqZNqoiStlKf6TAmjIzSKym/s1600/Gerry+Alexia+Roger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="1417" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjLjJ2CndzhVaqT5jgPEGLK8E-KQ5SLaOVQquxL_f8CzrZZw0i0_44yHi4K__Tf0tSynuSh_SxU8xtTc_XmnqYz1FrS999klaKGSd56DvrQHuegAILWR812aqZNqoiStlKf6TAmjIzSKym/s400/Gerry+Alexia+Roger.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gerry, Roger and Alexia at the Daffodil Yellow Villa c1936.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Alexia Mercouri, the daughter of Theodore Stephanides, died on Sunday, 28 October, in Athens. The funeral will be at the Proto Nekrotafeion Athinon on Friday, 2 November, at 3pm.<br />
<br />
Alexia was Gerry Durrell's closest friend in Corfu and shared the enchantment of what she called 'another world'. She was a lovely lady and remained a delight throughout her life.<br />
<br />
Click on this link for <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2017/04/alexia-stephanides-gerald-durrells.html">more about Alexia</a>.MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-91106633234077562272018-09-23T21:17:00.001+01:002018-09-28T18:13:14.692+01:00Bloomsbury and Alexandria<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZt5fOliYHW30K4F8obiNnswLQU_2aftpvL4L_YZ-esLX7GkQ4VvaYeuGZZqClwYV9fvycXBbbXw9oHa9IZpTwMN_rpKxuUlMVGCBH5AMOZoTs4YLHIBsxh2w2urV4HfXs0sHjsoVnQlA5/s1600/om.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1242" data-original-width="1600" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZt5fOliYHW30K4F8obiNnswLQU_2aftpvL4L_YZ-esLX7GkQ4VvaYeuGZZqClwYV9fvycXBbbXw9oHa9IZpTwMN_rpKxuUlMVGCBH5AMOZoTs4YLHIBsxh2w2urV4HfXs0sHjsoVnQlA5/s400/om.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Siegfried Sassoon; Leopold Hamilton Myers;
Hon. Robert Gathorne-Hardy; Jean de Menasce; James Stephens: a leaf from Lady
Ottoline Morrell's photograph album.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
snapshot was probably taken in the garden of her home in Gower Street, London <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">See how <a href="https://michaelhaag.blogspot.com/2015/09/the-alexandria-quartet-from-one-volume.html">Jean de Menasce</a> has something to do
with Lawrence Durrell's </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;">Alexandria Quartet</i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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</style>MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-36943124997206440712018-08-28T23:32:00.001+01:002019-08-17T20:26:28.876+01:00Curate's Egg on His Face: Mahmoud Manzalaoui's Attack on the Veracity of Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria QuartetBecause he was Egyptian and from Alexandria and was an academic, Mahmoud Manazalaoui's attack on the veracity, the honesty, of Lawrence Durrell's portrait of Alexandria has largely gone unchallenged in the academic world since he wrote his paper <i>Curate's Egg: An Alexandrian Opinion of Durrell's Quartet </i>in 1962. Shamefully his views are still cited by uncritical academics today. In fact Manzalaoui's opinion is nothing more than an ignorant rant written by a man who clearly knew next to nothing about the city he claimed as his own.<br />
<br />
Click here to read my rejoinder, <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_rmHalaDcmf-bFRZZlRtBAty3YcEYfnf/view" target="_blank">Egg on His Face</a>, to Manzalaoui (sometimes misspelt Manzaloui).<br />
<br />
And click here to read Manzalaoui's original <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/13QudI_xIDY3crWydM3exX3ucXYEERnAn/view" target="_blank">Curate's Egg</a>.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1718395774172908454.post-76182203960885570922018-08-11T22:53:00.001+01:002019-01-05T18:47:56.702+00:00Alexander the Great Founds Alexandria, 331 BC<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Alexander the Great Founds Alexandria, 331 BC</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Plutarch, late first century AD<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[adapted from: Plutarch, Alexander, Lives, Vol. VII, Loeb Classical Library translated by Bernadotte Perrin Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1919.]<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">- from <a href="https://aucpress.com/product/an-alexandria-anthology/"><i>An Alexandria Anthology</i></a></span></span></div>
edited by Michael Haag<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The Persians overran the Middle East, including Egypt, and twice attempted to invade Greece but were repulsed. Alexander the Great launched a counterattack, and in 331 BC, after driving the Persians out of Egypt, he founded a new city on the Mediterranean shore. <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">After his conquest of Egypt, Alexander wished to found a large and populous Greek city which should bear his name, and by the advice of his architects was on the point of measuring off and enclosing a certain site for it. Then, in the night, as he lay asleep, he saw a wonderful vision. A man with very hoary locks and of a venerable aspect appeared to stand by his side and recite these lines from Homer’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Odyssey</i> –<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">There is an island in the surging sea, which they call Pharos, lying off Egypt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has a harbour with good anchorage, and hence they put out to sea after drawing water.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Accordingly, he rose up at once and went to Pharos, which at that time was still an island, a little above the Canopic mouth of the Nile, but now it has been joined to the mainland by a causeway. And when he saw a site of surpassing natural advantages (for it is a strip of land like enough to a broad isthmus, extending between a great lagoon and a stretch of sea which terminates in a large harbour), he said he saw now that Homer was not only admirable in other ways, but also a very wise architect, and ordered the plan of the city to be drawn in conformity with this site.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-US">There was no chalk at hand, so they took barley-meal and marked out with it on the dark soil a rounded area, to whose inner arc straight lines extended so as to produce the figure of a chlamys, or military cloak, the lines beginning from the skirts (as one may say), and narrowing the breadth of the area uniformly. The king was delighted with the design; but suddenly birds from the river and the lagoon, infinite in number and of every sort and size, settled down upon the place like clouds and devoured every particle of the barley-meal, so that even Alexander was greatly disturbed at the omen. However, the seers exhorted him to be of good cheer, since the city here founded by him would have most abundant and helpful resources and be a nursing mother for men of every nation</span><span lang="EN-US">, and so he ordered those in charge of the work to proceed with it.</span></span></div>
MICHAEL HAAGhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08766888245494125709noreply@blogger.com